GENDER DISCRIMINATION ON WOMEN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to assess gender discrimination in the workplace. The core research questions and hypothesis for this study were: what are the factors responsible for gender discrimination in Nigeria?  why is there low employment opportunity for women?; organizational culture has no significant impact on gender discrimination; society has no significant impact on gender discrimination. 200 respondents were randomly selected within Benin. A 5-point Likert scale was developed and validated to collect information from respondents. Secondary data on gender discrimination were obtained from articles and journals. The data collected was analyzed with basic descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage. Regression and correlation coefficient analyses were also made. The core findings from the results obtained showed that gender discrimination exist in the workplace in Nigeria, it also showed that society and organizational culture has a major impact in gender discrimination. It was recommended that strict laws should be put in place to protect women and also give them access to equal economic and political opportunity in Nigeria.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1     Background of the study    -    -    -    -    
1.2     Statement of the Research problem    -    -    -    -
1.3     Research Question    -    -    -    -    -    -    -
1.4     Objectives of the Study    -    -    -    -    -    -
1.5     Research Hypothesis    -    -    -    -    -    -    
1.6     Significance of the Study    -    -    -    -    -    -
1.7     Scope of the Study    -    -    -    -    -    -
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1     Review of Relevant concepts -    -    -    -
2.2    Conceptualizing Gender Discrimination    -    -    -    
2/3    Gender Versus Sex    -    -    -    -    -    
2.4    Gender based Discrimination    -    -    -    -    
2.5     The Nigerian Situation    -    -    -
2.6    Area of Gender Inequality    -    -    
2.7    The Effect of Gender Discrimination on Organization        
2.8    The Effect of Gender discrimination on women Performance
2.9    Gender discrimination and human resource Management    
2.10    Gender discrimination and organizational Culture    -    -    -
2.11    Cause of Gender discrimination in Nigeria    -    -    -
2.12     Negative effect of gender discrimination in Nigeria    -    -    
2.13    Forms of Gender Discrimination    -    -    -
2.14    Legal Framework and cases gender discrimination in Nigeria    -
2.15    Gender Discrimination and Employment Opportunity    -    
2.16    Empirical Review    -    -    -    -    -    
2.17    Theoretical Framework    -    -    -    -    -
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1    Introduction    -    -    -    -    -    -
3.2     Research Design    -    -    -    -    -
3.3    Population of the Study    -    -    -    
3.4     Sample and Sampling Technique    -
3.5     Research Instrument    -    -    -    -    -
3.6     Method of Data Collection    -    -    -    
3.7     Method of Data Analysis    -    -    -    -    -    
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION OF DATA ANALYSIS/DISCUSSION
4.1    Analysis of Respondents Characteristic    
4.2     Data Analysis of Interpretation    -    -    
4.3    Regression and Hypothesis    -    -    -    -    
4.2    Finding and Conclusion    -    --    -    
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1     Introduction    -    -    -    -    -
5.2     Summary of findings    -    -    -    -    -    
5.3     Conclusion    -    -    -    -    -    -        
5.4     Recommendations    -    -    -    -    -
5.4.1    Policy Recommendation    -    -    -    -    -
5.4.2    Further Study    -    -    -    -    -    -
References    -    -    -    -    -    -
Appendix    -    -    -    
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Gender discrimination refers to the practice of granting or denying rights or privileges to a person based on their gender, this kind of discrimination leads to unfair treatment directed to individual or a group on the basis of their gender which denies them their rights, opportunity or resources (Chauraya&Mugodzwa,2012)
 Many women do not enjoy the same freedom as men, they are always treated as second class citizens. Gender discrimination in Nigeria is influenced by culture and belief. Ideology is the center of almost all efforts to explain gender discrimination in Nigeria, it is further coupled with the female socio-cultural ascribed roles as being restricted to motherhood deepen their exclusion. Nigeria society has been patriarchal in nature which is a major feature of a traditional society. (Aina 1998) patriarchal is a structure of a set of social relations with material base which enables men to dominate women. Patriarchy is a very strong determinant of male dominance over female, men are trained for leadership activities while women are confined to domestic activities.
According to Olufemi (2010) even though women constitute about sixty percent of the Nigeria population, there are still disproportionate low number of them in senior leadership position in all areas. This patriarchal nature of relationship between men and women in the society was substantiated and justified by men quoting some verses from the holy Bible that Eve was extracted from Adam's rib as proof of men superiority over women. This has been used and it is still use in most occasion with some sort of links with other cultural factors to make the women in the society to accept their position as divine Providence (Otite,2005).
 Organization needs competent employees to help achieve his goals and objectives, to get these competent staffs recruitment, selection and promotion take place. Employing or promoting an employee should be based on skills, experience and capacity to perform effectively, gender bias against women should not be allowed to come to play when promoting, recruiting or selecting employee. Women are used for sexual exploitation, sent soliciting for money or contracts, women has more to offer than being a sex object but should be seen as a woman with a powerful mind which is capable of doing well on a job. Employers should look beyond that but look for a capable, skillful employee irrespective of the gender. Research has shown that a recruitment policy devoid of gender discrimination enhances performance of female performance in the organization.
1.2  Statement of the Research Problem
Gender biasness in the face of socio- economic strata of the world seems to be no respecter of any economy. As a result, Nigeria has its own share of the incidence. Right from the pre- colonial traditional Nigeria society to its modern state, women have often been discriminated upon in affairs that led to deplete their contribution to economic growth. Such discrimination is often perceived in grounds that they are the weaker sex.
(UNDP 2009) observes that between 1985 and 2008, inequality in Nigeria worsened from 0.43 to 0.49. in the past decades, women in Nigeria have made notable gain in the workplace however, notwithstanding these gains there is still a wide gap between male and female across almost all occupations in favor of men.it is against the background that the researcher is examining gender discrimination in Nigeria, its causes and how it affects the parties involved.
1.3Research Questions
1)  What is the implication of discrimination on job performance
2) What are the factors responsible for gender discrimination in Nigeria
3) What are the strategies for promoting gender equality in Nigeria
4) What is the effect of gender discrimination on organization performance
5) Why is there a low employment opportunity for women
1.4 Objectives of the Study
 The main objective of this study is to examine gender discrimination on women employment opportunity in Nigeria and the specific objective are:
1) To examine the effect on organization performance
2) To find out why there is low employment opportunities for women
3) To determine how discrimination affect women's performance
4) To determine how human resource personnel can stop discrimination
5) To determine how organization culture contributes to gender discrimination against women
1.5 Research Hypothesis
Hypothesis one: organization culture has no significant impact on gender discrimination
Hypothesis two: society has no significant impact on gender discrimination
Hypothesis three: gender discrimination has no significant impact on employee performance
Hypothesis four: genderdiscrimination has no significant impact on organization performance
1.6 Significance of the Study
 The study will give information, data and statistical figures to economic planners, National Bureau of statistics labor force, ministry of women affairs, researchers and employers. It will reveal the contribution of female gender in Nigeria's economic growth, the findings of the research will expose us to understand the causes, the extent of discrimination against female gender. It will also assist the government to further formulate appropriate policies or make laws that will reduce gap that exist between the genders.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study is designed to have a general view of gender discrimination in Nigeria and its impact. The research intends to focus on the extent of gender discrimination on the three  major ethnic groups(igbos,hausas and yorubas) , two major religion(Christianity and Islam) and also organizational levels in Nigeria. The study is limited to staff of University Of Benin.
1.8 Limitation
 In the process of carrying out this study, many challenges where encounter including the following;
°The questionnaire was distributed to small sample of the population of study, the data is not expected to reflect a wide range of perceptive.
°Some respondent shows non-serious behaviour in filling the questionnaire.
° Financial constraint; in the course of carrying out the study, the money spent was more than the money budgeted, and because of that i was not so financial stable which affect the time duration of the study.